Projeto de ação integrativa serviço-academia para testagem para IST/HIV em unidades móveis em Niterói, Rio de Janeiro / Service-academy integrative action project for STI/HIV testing in mobile units in Niterói, Rio de Janeiro

RESUMO O conhecimento precoce da sorologia do HIV/IST favorece a adoção de medidas preventivas. Estruturas móveis de atendimento conseguem ampliar as testagens, principalmente em populações de difícil acesso. Neste artigo, apresentamos informações básicas coletadas em uma ação de testagem móvel para HIV, sífilis e hepatites virais realizada entre 02/2016 e 06/2017 em Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, descrevemos alguns desafios da implementação e discutimos a importância da interdisciplinaridade no enfrentamento das IST/HIV. A soroprevalência do HIV foi de 1,6%, variando com o mês e a localização da unidade móvel. A maior parte da população atendida era de homens (2.323/58,4%), de raça negra (2.375/60,1%) e com faixa etária entre 20-29 anos (1.706/42,9%). A prevalência total de sífilis foi de 12,8% (20,5% no Jardim São João). Cerca de 21% dos/as usuários/as já haviam testado para o HIV antes e quase 40% referia uma exposição para a testagem atual (97,5% sexual). IST prévia era referida por 9,6% das pessoas atendidas. Nossos dados parecem indicar que a ação atingiu uma população com maior risco para adquirir o HIV. A relação de horizontalidade entre as três esferas de governo que pautou a experiência permitiu a valorização dos diferentes saberes, ampliando as perspectivas para identificar e propor soluções.

ABSTRACT Early knowledge of HIV/STI serology favors the adoption of preventive measures. Mobile service structures are able to expand testing, especially in hard-to-reach populations. In this article, we present basic information collected in a mobile testing action for HIV, syphilis and viral hepatitis carried out between 02/2016 and 06/2017 in Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, we describe some implementation challenges and discuss the importance of interdisciplinarity in facing the challenges of STI/HIV. HIV seroprevalence was 1.6%, varying with the month and location of the mobile unit. Most of the included population was male (2,323/58.4%), black (2,375/60.1%) and aged between 20-29 years (1,706/42.9%). The total prevalence of syphilis was 12.8% (20.5% in Jardim São João). About 21% of users had tested for HIV before and almost 40% reported a current exposure for testing (97.5% sexual). Previous STI was reported by 9.6% of the people assisted. Our data seem to indicate that the action reached a population most at risk of acquiring HIV. The horizontal relationship between the three spheres of government that guided the experience allowed the appreciation of different knowledge, expanding perspectives to identify and propose solutions.

Perfil dos atendimentos do serviço de atendimento móvel de urgência no município de Gurupi, Tocantins / Profile of mobile emergency service services in the municipality of Gurupi, Tocantins / Perfil de los servicios de urgencia móvil en el municipio de Gurupi, Tocantinas

O estudo objetivou descrever o perfil dos atendimentos realizados pelo SAMU-192 do município de Gurupi-TO. Estudo documental, epidemiológico, exploratório, transversal, retrospectivo e descritivo, com abordagem quantitativa. A amostra estratificada foi de 881 boletins de atendimentos do SAMU-192, referente ao período de janeiro a junho de 2022. A análise foi feita através do programa Microsoft Excel. Os usuários atendidos foram constituídos pelo sexo masculino (54,48%) com média de idade de 45,7 anos e idosos (31,1%). A maior parte das ocorrências foi de natureza clínica (61,6%) e traumática (24,1%). Quanto aos bairros que mais solicitaram o SAMU-192 foram o centro e o São José. A maioria dos atendimentos foi realizado pela Unidade de Suporte Básico (84%) e nos turnos da manhã (31,7%) e noite (26,1%). Tiveram como principal desfecho o atendimento no local e remoção dos usuários para um serviço de saúde (88%), sendo a UPA (67,5%) o principal destino. Destacam-se a descompensação de doenças crônicas, principalmente HAS e DM, como razão de demandas sucessivas que utilizam o SAMU-192. Caso essas enfermidades não sejam controladas na Atenção Primária em Saúde (APS) poderão acarretar complicações e incapacidades, demandando cada vez mais os serviços do SAMU.

The study aimed to describe the profile of the care provided by SAMU- 192 of the municipality of Gurupi-TO. Documentary, epidemiological, exploratory, cross-sectional, retrospective and descriptive study with quantitative approach. The stratified sample was 881 bulletins of the SAMU-192, referring to the period from January to June 2022. The analysis was done through the Microsoft Excel program. The users attended were male (54.48%) with average age of 45.7 years and elderly (31.1%). The majority of the occurrences were of a clinical nature (61.6%) and traumatic (24.1%). As for the neighborhoods that most requested the SAMU-192 were the center and the São José. The majority of services were provided by the Basic Support Unit (84%) and in the morning (31.7%) and evening (26.1%) shifts. The main outcome was on-site care and removal of users to a health service (88%), with the UPA (67.5%) being the main destination. Among the highlights are the decompensation of chronic diseases, mainly HAS and DM, as a reason for successive demands that use SAMU-192. If these diseases are not controlled in Primary Health Care (PHC), they may lead to complications and disabilities, increasingly requiring the services of SAMU.

El estudio tenía por objeto describir el perfil de las visitas realizadas por SAMU-192 en el municipio de Gurupi-TO. Estudio documental, epidemiológico, exploratorio, transverso, retrospectivo y descriptivo con enfoque cuantitativo. La muestra estratificada fue de 881 boletines de servicio del SAMU-192, referidos al período comprendido entre enero y junio de 2022. El análisis se realizó a través del programa Microsoft Excel. Los usuarios atendidos fueron varones (54,48%) con una edad media de 45,7 años y ancianos (31,1%). La mayoría de los casos fueron de naturaleza clínica (61,6%) y traumática (24,1%). En cuanto a los distritos que más solicitaron SAMU-192, estaban en el centro y en São José. La mayoría de las visitas se realizaron por la Dependencia de Apoyo Básico (84%) y por turnos de mañana (31,7%) y de tarde (26,1%). El principal resultado fue la atención in situ y la eliminación de usuarios para un servicio de salud (88%), siendo la UPA (67,5%) el destino principal. La clara compensación por las enfermedades crónicas, principalmente las abejas y el DM, se destaca como razón de las sucesivas demandas que utilizan el SAMU-192. Si estas enfermedades no están controladas en la Atención Primaria de Salud (APS), pueden llevar a complicaciones y discapacidades, exigiendo cada vez más los servicios de SAMU.

Perfil dos acidentes de trânsito atendidos por Serviço de Atendimento Móvel de Urgência / Profile of traffic accidents served by the mobile emergency care service / Perfil de accidentes de tráfico atendidos por el servicio móvil de emergencias

Objetivo: descrever o perfil dos acidentes de trânsito e das vítimas assistidas pelo Serviço de Atendimento Móvel de Urgência. Método: estudo epidemiológico descritivo. A coleta dos dados foi realizada em 633 fichas de atendimento do Serviço de Atendimento Móvel de Urgência de uma cidade do interior do Brasil. Os dados foram transferidos para o programa estatístico Statistical Package for Social Sciences e realizada uma análise descritiva dos dados. Resultados: 74% das vítimas foram do sexo masculino, com idade mais prevalente de 20 a 29 anos (37%). As motocicletas estiveram mais envolvidas nos acidentes e ocorreram em maior parte nos dias de finais de semana. Todos os óbitos registrados por esse serviço envolviam motos. Conclusão: os dados apresentados neste estudo são semelhantes com as características do perfil de acidentes de trânsito encontradas em outras pesquisas realizadas no país, principalmente em relação a motociclistas. (AU)

Objective: To describe the profile of traffic accidents and victims assisted by the Mobile Emergency Care Service. Methods: Descriptive epidemiological study. Data collection was carried out on 633 medical charts of the Mobile Emergency Care Service in a city in the Brazilian countryside. The data were transferred to the statistical program Statistical Package for Social Sciences, and then a descriptive analysis was performed. Results: A total of 74% of the victims were male, with the most prevalent age between 20 and 29 years old (37%). Motorcycles were more involved in accidents, which occurred mostly on weekends. All deaths recorded by this service involved motorcycles. Conclusion: It is concluded that the data presented in this study are similar to the characteristics of the profile of traffic accidents found in other surveys conducted in the country, mainly in relation to motorcyclists. (AU)

Objetivo: Describir el perfil de accidentes de tráfico y víctimas atendidas por el Servicio Móvil de Emergencias. Método: Estudio epidemiológico descriptivo. La recolección de datos se realizó sobre 633 expedientes de atención del Servicio Móvil de Emergencia en una ciudad del interior de Brasil. Los datos fueron transferidos al programa estadístico Statistical Package for Social Sciences y se realizó un análisis descriptivo de los datos. Resultados: El 74% de las víctimas eran hombres, siendo la edad más prevalente entre 20 y 29 años (37%). Las motocicletas estuvieron más involucradas en accidentes y ocurrieron principalmente los fines de semana. Todas las muertes registradas por este servicio involucraron motocicletas. Conclusión: Se concluye que los datos presentados en este estudio son similares a las características del perfil de accidentes de tránsito encontrados en otras encuestas realizadas en el país, principalmente en relación a motociclistas. (AU)

Reasons for no-show to referrals at a university eye clinic after eye examination via a mobile ophthalmic unit in a Brazilian region / Razão de não comparecimento à clínica oftalmológica da universidade após triagem em uma unidade móvel oftalmológica em uma região brasileira

ABSTRACT Purpose: This study aimed to identify patient's reason for no-show at a university eye clinic after ophthalmic examination via a mobile ophthalmic unit, which provides comprehensive ophthalmic care to underserved communities in a region of Brazil. Methods: In 2017/2018, this prospective observational study searched for no-shows at referrals to a university eye clinic after an outreach program screening via a mobile ophthalmic unit in 10 municipalities in the central-western region of São Paulo, Brazil. A total of 1,928 patients underwent a comprehensive eye examination at no cost, and 37.1% of them needed referral to a university eye clinic for specialized examinations or surgeries. We used the following two main tools: (1) comparative analysis between patients who attended the referral and those who did not; (2) active search using a questionnaire to assess reasons for no-show. Results: Attendance to referrals was not influenced by age, gender, distance from the university hospital, number of ophthalmologists in the municipality, average family income, and visual acuity. The main cause for referrals was cataract (350 cases). No-show was most common among glaucoma/suspected glaucoma (54.1%) cases, followed by strabismus (45%) and anterior segment disease (33.6%) cases. Many patients who did not attend the referral sought another service. Conclusion: Patient's issues and lack of knowledge regarding their ophthalmic condition are the main reasons for no-show at referrals for free ophthalmic care. Thus, educational campaigns are needed to achieve consistently high attendance to prevent avoidable blindness.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar as razões para não comparecimento à clínica oftalmológica da universidade após triagem oftalmológica realizada usando uma unidade móvel oftalmológica que fornece exame oftalmológico para comunidades não assistidas em uma região do Brasil. Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo observacional prospectivo no ano de 2017/2018 para avaliar as razões que fizeram com que os indivíduos triados usando uma unidade móvel oftalmológica e referenciados para a clínica oftalmológica da universidade não comparecessem à consulta agendada. A triagem foi feita em 10 municípios da região centro-oeste do estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Todos os 1.928 participantes fizeram o exame oftalmológico sem custo e 37,1% deles necessitaram de encaminhamento para a clínica oftalmológica da universidade para exames especializados ou cirurgias. O estudo usou duas ferramentas: (1) análise comparativa entre os dados dos indivíduos encaminhados que compareceram ao agendamento com os que não compareceram; (2) busca ativa dos indivíduos que não compareceram à consulta agendada, aplicando-se um questionário para avaliar os motivos para o não comparecimento. Resultados: Fatores como idade, sexo, distância entre a cidade de origem e o hospital universitário, número de oftalmologistas na cidade de procedência, renda familiar média e acuidade visual não influenciaram no comparecimento ao encaminhamento. Catarata foi a maior causa para o encaminhamento (350 casos). O não comparecimento foi maior nos portadores de glaucoma/glaucoma suspeitos (54,1%), estrabismo (45%) e afecções do segmento anterior (33,6%). Muitos indivíduos que não compareceram ao serviço de referência procuraram por outro local para o atendimento oftalmológico. Conclusão: O não comparecimento para tratamento oftalmológico sem custo depende de fatores relacionados ao paciente ou à falta de conhecimento das próprias condições oftalmológicas. Campanhas educativas nas comunidades assistidas devem ser feitas para alcançar maior comparecimento às consultas e melhor prevenir a cegueira evitável.

Impact of a mobile unit on access to eye care in São Paulo, Brazil / Impacto do uso de unidade móvel no acesso à saúde ocular em São Paulo, Brasil

ABSTRACT Purpose: The goal of this study was to determine the impact of a mobile eye health unit on access to eye care and to generate a profile of the population requiring ophthalmic care by age, nature of their ophthalmic diseases, and optimal management. Methods: The study was conducted in 14 cities in the southwest region of São Paulo, Brazil. Subjects included individuals who participate in the Brazilian Unified Health System who were in need of eye care. There were no restrictions on age, gender or socioeconomic status. Data was transferred to an Excel table for statistical analyses. Results: We evaluated 6,878 participants in this survey with mean age of 44 years (range 4 months to 96 years); 65.5% were female. Among the diagnoses, 78.6% presented with refractive errors, 9.6% presented with cataracts and 8.3% presented with pterygium. New corrective lenses were prescribed for 60.9% of the participants; 10% retained their existing lenses, ~28% required counseling only and18.1% of the participants were referred to a tertiary facility for specialized exams and/or surgical procedures. Of the participants who required outside referrals, 36.4% required oculoplastic/external eye surgery and 31.8% required cataract surgery. Conclusion: The vast majority of patients presenting to a mobile eye health unit required prescriptions for corrective lenses. The rate of detection of ocular disorders was relatively high and the mobile unit provided effective treatment of refractive errors and referrals for specialized ophthalmic examinations and procedures. A mobile eye health unit can be an effective alternative method for improving access to basic eye care, for promoting eye health education and preventing blindness.

RESUMO Objetivo: Determinar o impacto do uso de unidade móvel no acesso à saúde ocular e avaliar o perfil da população que necessita de cuidados oftalmológicos, as doenças oculares mais frequentes e o tratamento. Métodos: Estudo transversal realizado em 14 municípios da região sudoeste do Estado de São Paulo utilizando uma unidade móvel oftalmológica. Os participantes eram usuários do Sistema Único de Saúde que procuraram atendimento oftalmológico, sem restrição quanto a idade, gênero ou condição socioeconômica. Os dados foram transferidos para a tabela Excel para análise estatística. Resultados: Participaram do estudo 6.878 pessoas, com média de idade de 44 anos (variação de 4 meses a 96 anos) e 65,5% eram mulheres. Erros refrativos estavam presentes em 78,6% dos participantes, catarata em 9,6% e pterígio em 8,3%. Para 60% foram prescritos óculos, para 10% foi mantida a correção óptica em uso e para 28% foram necessárias apenas orientações. Exames especializados ou procedimentos cirúrgicos foram indicados para 18,1% dos casos que foram encaminhados para tratamento em serviço terciário. Dentre os pacientes referenciados, 36,4% necessitavam de cirurgia oculoplástica ou para tratar afecções externas do olho e 31,8%, de cirurgia de catarata. Conclusão: A grande maioria dos pacientes que procurou atendimento na unidade móvel necessitava de prescrição de óculos. A unidade móvel oftalmológica possui alto grau de resolutividade para os problemas oculares, com oportunidade de tratar os erros refrativos e referenciar os pacientes que necessitam de atendimento espe­cializado, geralmente relacionado a condições cirúrgicas. Unidades móveis podem ser uma alternativa aos cuidados oftalmológicos básicos, melhorando o acesso, atuando na promoção da saúde ocular e prevenindo a cegueira.

Síndrome de burnout entre profissionais de um serviço de atendimento móvel de urgência do paraná / Síndrome de burnout entre profesionales de un servicio de atendimiento móvil de urgencia de paraná / Burnout syndrome in professionals of a mobile emergency service in the state of paraná

RESUMO Objetivo: identificar o risco para o desenvolvimento da Síndrome de Burnout em profissionais do Serviço de Atendimento Móvel de Urgência (SAMU). Metodologia: estudo transversal, não probabilístico, realizado entre agosto e outubro de 2017 com 101 profissionais atuantes em um SAMU do Paraná, utilizando questionário autoaplicável - Maslach Burnout Inventory. A análise de dados envolveu os testes de associação Qui-quadrado, Wilcoxon e Mann-Whitney. Resultados: observa-se que o risco para desenvolvimento e manifestação da síndrome de Burnout foi identificado em 52 profissionais (51,9%) e foi mais frequente entre médicos e teleatendentes, indivíduos do sexo feminino, com mais de 40 anos, sem companheiro, sem filhos, que tinham outro vínculo empregatício e renda superior a 10 salários mínimos. Porém, só os que trabalhavam durante o dia apresentaram risco significativamente maior (p=0,0075). Conclusão: as características do processo de trabalho no SAMU geram sobrecarga aos profissionais, sendo importante a implementação de estratégias que possam minimizar os efeitos estressores desta atuação.

RESUMEN Objetivo: identificar el riesgo para el desarrollo del Síndrome de Burnout en profesionales del Servicio de Atendimiento Móvil de Urgencia (SAMU). Metodología: estudio trasversal, no probabilístico, que se realizó entre agosto y octubre de 2017 con 101 profesionales que actúan en un SAMU de Paraná, utilizando cuestionario auto aplicable - Maslach Burnout Inventory. El análisis de datos abarcó las pruebas de asociación Chi cuadrado, Wilcoxony Mann-Whitney. Resultados: se identificó riesgo para desarrollo y manifestación del síndrome de Burnout en 52 profesionales (51,9%), siendo éste más frecuente entre médicos y profesionales que operan el teléfono, individuos del sexo femenino, con más de 40 años, sin pareja, sin hijos, que tenían otro vínculo laboral y renta superior a 10 sueldos mínimos. Sin embargo, solamente aquellas personas que trabajaban durante el día presentaron riesgo significativamente mayor (p=0,0075). Conclusión: las características del proceso de trabajo en SAMU generan sobrecarga a los profesionales, siendo importante la implementación de estrategias que puedan minimizar los efectos estresores de esta actuación.

ABSTRACT Objective: To identify the risk for the development of Burnout Syndrome in professionals of the Mobile Emergency Care Service (SAMU). Methodology: Cross-sectional non-probabilistic study conducted between August and October 2017 with 101 professionals of a Mobile Emergency Care Service (SAMU) of the State of Paraná, through the self-administered questionnaire - Maslach Burnout Inventory. Data analysis was performed using Chi-square, Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney association tests. Results: The risk for the development and manifestation of Burnout syndrome was identified in 52 professionals (51.9%) and was more frequent among physicians and telephone operators, females over 40 years old, without partners, without children, who had another employment and income of more than 10 minimum wages. However, only those who worked in the day shift were at a significantly higher risk for the syndrome (p = 0.0075). Conclusion: The daily process of work at the SAMU mobile emergency generates overload of work to health professionals. Therefore, strategies aimed to minimize the stressful effects of their work activities should be implemented.

Mobile health technology for gestational care: evaluation of the GestAção's app / Uso de tecnología móvil para el cuidado gestacional: evaluación de la aplicación GestAção / Uso de tecnologia móvel para o cuidado gestacional: avaliação do aplicativo GestAção

ABSTRACT Objective: to evaluate the GestAção application, based on the experience of pregnant women use. Method: an evaluative, applied, methodological, quantitative-qualitative study. This tool was evaluated by 13 pregnant women through questionnaires for sociodemographic profile characterization and Likert scale use to calculate Content Validity Index (CVI); and semi-structured interview, with analysis based on Semiotics. Results: the study evidenced a significant level of satisfaction of pregnant women with the application use, considering the objectives (CVI = 0.92), structure and presentation (CVI = 0.86), and relevance (CVI = 0.92). Final considerations: the GestAção application obtained an overall CVI of 0.90, evidencing it as a facilitating and supporting technology in the empowerment of pregnant women interested in obtaining knowledge about pregnancy. It has been proved to be a powerful tool to qualify good practices in nursing consultation.

RESUMEN Objetivo: evaluar la aplicación GestAção basada en la experiencia de uso de las gestantes. Método: estudio de naturaleza evaluativa, aplicada, metodológica, con abordaje cuantitativo. La herramienta tecnológica fue evaluada por 13 gestantes por medio de cuestionarios para la caracterización del perfil sociodemográfico y el uso de la escala de Likert, para calcular el Índice de Validez de Contenido (IVC) de la aplicación; y entrevista semiestructurada, con análisis fundamentado en la Semiótica. Resultados: el estudio evidenció un significativo nivel de satisfacción de las gestantes con el uso de la aplicación, considerando los objetivos (IVC = 0,92), estructura y presentación (IVC = 0,86), y relevancia (IVC = 0,92). Consideraciones finales: la aplicación GestAção obtuvo IVC general de 0,90, evidenciándolo como tecnología facilitadora y coadyuvante en el empoderamiento de las gestantes interesadas en obtener conocimientos sobre el período gravídico. Se mostró una potente herramienta para calificar las buenas prácticas en la consulta de enfermería.

RESUMO Objetivo: avaliar o aplicativo GestAção, com base na experiência de uso das gestantes. Método: estudo de natureza avaliativa, aplicada, metodológica, com abordagem quanti-qualitativa. A ferramenta tecnológica foi avaliada por 13 gestantes por meio de questionários para a caracterização do perfil sociodemográfico e o uso da escala de Likert, para calcular o Índice de Validade de Conteúdo (IVC) do aplicativo; e entrevista semiestruturada, com análise fundamentada na Semiótica. Resultados: o estudo evidenciou significativo nível de satisfação das gestantes com o uso do aplicativo, considerando os objetivos (IVC= 0,92), estrutura e apresentação (IVC= 0,86), e relevância (IVC= 0,92). Considerações finais: o aplicativo GestAção obteve IVC geral de 0,90, evidenciando-o como tecnologia facilitadora e coadjuvante no empoderamento das gestantes interessadas em obter conhecimentos sobre o período gravídico, mostrando-se uma potente ferramenta para qualificar as boas práticas na consulta de enfermagem.

Development of the IMB Model and an Evidence-Based Diabetes Self-management Mobile Application / 대한의료정보학회지

OBJECTIVES: This study developed a diabetes self-management mobile application based on the information-motivation-behavioral skills (IMB) model, evidence extracted from clinical practice guidelines, and requirements identified through focus group interviews (FGIs) with diabetes patients. METHODS: We developed a diabetes self-management (DSM) app in accordance with the following four stages of the system development life cycle. The functional and knowledge requirements of the users were extracted through FGIs with 19 diabetes patients. A system diagram, data models, a database, an algorithm, screens, and menus were designed. An Android app and server with an SSL protocol were developed. The DSM app algorithm and heuristics, as well as the usability of the DSM app were evaluated, and then the DSM app was modified based on heuristics and usability evaluation. RESULTS: A total of 11 requirement themes were identified through the FGIs. Sixteen functions and 49 knowledge rules were extracted. The system diagram consisted of a client part and server part, 78 data models, a database with 10 tables, an algorithm, and a menu structure with 6 main menus, and 40 user screens were developed. The DSM app was Android version 4.4 or higher for Bluetooth connectivity. The proficiency and efficiency scores of the algorithm were 90.96% and 92.39%, respectively. Fifteen issues were revealed through the heuristic evaluation, and the app was modified to address three of these issues. It was also modified to address five comments received by the researchers through the usability evaluation. CONCLUSIONS: The DSM app was developed based on behavioral change theory through IMB models. It was designed to be evidence-based, user-centered, and effective. It remains necessary to fully evaluate the effect of the DSM app on the DSM behavior changes of diabetes patients.

Noninvasive Medical Tools for Evaluating Voiding Pattern in Real Life / 대한배뇨장애요실금학회지

Voiding dysfunction is a common disease that contributes to a lower quality of life and has an increased prevalence in the elderly population. Noninvasive and objective methods such as uroflowmetry (UFM) and voiding diaries (VDs) are essential for exact diagnosis and effective treatment of this condition because patients with different causes of voiding dysfunction can complain of the same lower urinary tract symptoms. Further, different treatment options can be determined based on the diagnosis made from these symptoms. In order to improve the quality of UFM and VDs and to provide a convenient testing environment, several advances have been made by previous investigators. In this study, we investigate the history and technological mechanisms of UFM and VDs. We also aim to review UFM from the viewpoint of clinical and at-home uses, including the recently proposed toilet-shaped UFM and electronic VDs.

Development of a Smartphone Application for Clinical-Guideline-Based Obesity Management / 대한의료정보학회지

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of the study was to develop and evaluate a clinical-guideline-based smartphone application ('app') for obesity management. METHODS: Obesity-related knowledge and functional requirements were extracted from clinical practice guidelines, a literature review, and consultations with experts. The extracted knowledge was used to design obesity-management algorithms, and the functions of the developed app are presented through a use case diagram and activity diagrams. The database and user interface were designed and then an app was developed. The proficiency and efficiency of the algorithm were evaluated using scenarios, while the user interface was assessed using a mobile heuristics evaluation tool, with its usability determined using the Post-Study System Usability Questionnaire. RESULTS: In total, 131 obesity-related knowledge statements and 11 functions for the app were extracted, and 5 algorithms (comprising 1 main algorithm and 4 subalgorithms) were developed. The database comprised 11 tables and 41 screens. The app was developed using the Android SDK platform 4.0.3, JDK 1.7.0, and Eclipse. The overall proficiency and efficiency scores of the algorithm were 88.0 and 69.1, respectively. In heuristics tests, 57 comments were made, and the mean usability score was 3.47 out of 5. Thirteen usability problems were identified by the heuristics and usability evaluations. CONCLUSIONS: The app developed in this study might be helpful for weight management because it can provide high-quality health information and intervention without spatial or temporal constraints. However, the clinical effectiveness of this app still requires further investigation.

Factors Affecting Acceptance of Smartphone Application for Management of Obesity / 대한의료정보학회지

OBJECTIVES: The factors affecting the acceptance of mobile obesity-management applications (apps) by the public were analyzed using a mobile healthcare system (MHS) technology acceptance model (TAM). METHODS: The subjects who participated in this study were Android smartphone users who had an intent to manage their weight. They used the obesity-management app for two weeks, and then completed an 18-item survey designed to determine the factors influencing the acceptance of the app. Three questions were asked pertaining to each of the following six factors: compatibility, self-efficacy, technical support and training, perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and behavior regarding intention to use. Cronbach's alpha was used to assess the reliability of the scales. Pathway analysis was also performed to evaluate the MHS acceptance model. RESULTS: A total of 94 subjects participated in this study. The results indicate that compatibility, perceived usefulness, and perceived ease of use significantly affected the behavioral intention to use the mobile obesity-management app. Technical support and training also significantly affected the perceived ease of use; however, the hypotheses that self-efficacy affects perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use were not supported in this study. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first attempt to analyze the factors influencing mobile obesity-management app acceptance using a TAM. Further studies should cover not only obesity but also other chronic diseases and should analyze the factors affecting the acceptance of apps among healthcare consumers in general.

Cost of Ambulatory Care by Mobile Health Clinic Run by a Medical College in India for the Year 2008-09.

Background: The feasibility of using mobile health clinics (MHCs) to deliver health services in urban poor areas has to be explored as the health needs of the residents are not sufficiently addressed by the existing primary health care delivery system in India. Objective: To estimate the cost of providing primary health care services and the out of pocket expenditure (OOPE) incurred, while utilizing these services provided through the MHC based Urban Health Program of a Medical College in North India for the year 2008-2009. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study to estimate OOPE was conducted among 330 subjects selected from patients attending the mobile health care facility. For estimation of provider cost, 5 steps process involving identification of cost centres, measurement of inputs, valuing of inputs, assigning of inputs to cost centers, and estimation of unit cost were carried out. Results: Total annual cost of providing services under Urban Health Program in the year 2008-2009 was Rs. 7,691,943 Unit cost of providing outpatient curative care, antenatal care, and immunization were Rs. 107.74/visit, Rs. 388/visit and Rs. 66.14 per immunization, respectively. The mean OOPE incurred was Rs. 29.50/visit, while utilizing outpatient curative services and Rs. 88.70/visit for antenatal services. Conclusion: The MHC can be considered as a viable option to provide services to urban poor.

Analysis of the Information Quality of Korean Obesity-Management Smartphone Applications / 대한의료정보학회지

OBJECTIVES: This study analyzed smartphone obesity-management applications developed in Korea and the quality of the information that they provide. METHODS: Obesity-management smartphone applications were searched using the keywords 'obesity + management,' 'weight + management,' 'weight + loss,' 'weight + exercise,' 'weight + diet,' 'weight + calories,' and 'diet,' with a search application programming interface (provided by Apple) between September 23 and September 27, 2013. These applications were then classified according to their main purpose, type of interventions used, price, type of developer, and user ratings. The information quality of the applications was analyzed using the Silberg scale. RESULTS: In total, 148 smartphone applications for obesity management were found. The main purpose of most of these applications (70.95%) was to provide information regarding weight control. The most frequently used intervention (34.62%) was to provide information on exercise management. More than half of the applications (58.78%) were free of charge. The mean of users' rating of these applications was 3.68 out of 5. The quality of information provided by these applications was evaluated as 4.55 out of 9: specifically, 1.79 out of 3 for authorship, 0.22 out of 2 for attribution, 1.29 out of 2 for disclosure, and 1.25 out of 2 for currency. Only three of the applications (2.88%) had a score on the Silberg scale greater than or equal to 7 points. CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this study suggest that the quality of information provided by smartphone applications in the healthcare domain urgently need to be evaluated to prevent users being misinformed by these applications.

Online Learning for Classification of Alzheimer Disease based on Cortical Thickness and Hippocampal Shape Analysis / 대한의료정보학회지

OBJECTIVES: Mobile healthcare applications are becoming a growing trend. Also, the prevalence of dementia in modern society is showing a steady growing trend. Among degenerative brain diseases that cause dementia, Alzheimer disease (AD) is the most common. The purpose of this study was to identify AD patients using magnetic resonance imaging in the mobile environment. METHODS: We propose an incremental classification for mobile healthcare systems. Our classification method is based on incremental learning for AD diagnosis and AD prediction using the cortical thickness data and hippocampus shape. We constructed a classifier based on principal component analysis and linear discriminant analysis. We performed initial learning and mobile subject classification. Initial learning is the group learning part in our server. Our smartphone agent implements the mobile classification and shows various results. RESULTS: With use of cortical thickness data analysis alone, the discrimination accuracy was 87.33% (sensitivity 96.49% and specificity 64.33%). When cortical thickness data and hippocampal shape were analyzed together, the achieved accuracy was 87.52% (sensitivity 96.79% and specificity 63.24%). CONCLUSIONS: In this paper, we presented a classification method based on online learning for AD diagnosis by employing both cortical thickness data and hippocampal shape analysis data. Our method was implemented on smartphone devices and discriminated AD patients for normal group.

Perfil dos atendimentos realizados por uma Unidade de Suporte Avançado do Serviço de Atendimento Móvel de Urgência (SAMU) do Rio Grande do Sul / Profile of attendances made by an Advanced Support Unit from the Mobile Emergency Care Service (MECS) of Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil

Objetivos: Descrever o perfil dos atendimentos realizados por uma Unidade de Suporte Avançado do Serviço de Atendimento Móvel de Urgência do Rio Grande do Sul, com intuito de contribuir com o planejamento e organização dos serviços móveis de emergência.Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo transversal retrospectivo, com abordagem quantitativa, no Município de Ijuí, estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Os dados foram coletados nos boletins de atendimento do período de setembro de 2011 a agosto de 2012, submetidos à análise estatística descritiva e apresentados em números absolutos e percentuais.Resultados: Foram analisados 624 boletins de atendimento e os resultados apontam que os chamados por socorro predominam, embora o transporte apresente uma demanda significativa. As causas cardiovasculares, respiratórias e neurológicas foram prevalentes nos motivos clínicos, já no motivo traumático a causa mais frequente foi a colisão de trânsito. A maioria das solicitações originou-se do domicílio e grande parte da população era do sexo masculino, na faixa etária dos 60-79 anos. O turno da madrugada apresentou menor percentual de chamados. Os procedimentos mais realizados foram oximetria de pulso, oxigenação, punção de acesso venoso periférico, imobilização em prancha longa e colocação de colar cervical. O hospital local se constituiu no principal destino dos pacientes.Conclusões: Os atendimentos realizados pela Unidade de Suporte Avançado do Serviço de Atendimento Móvel de Urgência da cidade de Ijuí incluíram predominantemente homens entre 60 e 79 anos acometidos por doenças crônico-degenerativas. Os procedimentos realizados com maior frequência foram os de suporte básico de vida. Estes resultados devem direcionar a atualização dos profissionais e a organização dos serviços móveis de emergência.

Aims: To describe the profile of care provided by a Mobile Emergency Care Service from Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil, aiming to contribute to the planning and organization of mobile emergency services.Metods: A retrospective cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach was conducted in the Municipality of Ijui, state of Rio Grande do Sul. Data were collected in the service bulletins from September 2011 to August 2012, submitted to descriptive statistical analysis and presented with numbers and percentages.Results: Six hundred twenty-four reports of attendance were analyzed and the results indicate that emergency calls predominate, although need for transport exhibit significant demand. The cardiovascular, respiratory and neurological reasons were prevalent in clinical subjects. For the traumatic subjects, the most common cause was traffic collision. Most requests originated from the home and much of the population was male, aged between 60-79 years. The least amount of calls were received during the early morning hours. The most common procedures were pulse oximetry, oxygen, puncturing peripheral venous access, immobilization in stretcher and neck brace placement. The local hospital was the main destination for patients.Conclusions: The patients attended by the Advanced Support Unit from the Mobile Emergency Care Service of Ijui were predominantly men between 60 and 79 years suffering from chronic degenerative diseases. The procedures performed most frequently were for basic life support. These results should guide the update of the professionals and the organization of emergency mobile services.

The Effects of a Mobile Computerized System for Individual Tailored Home Care Services in a City

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the process and outcome of a mobile computerized system for individual home visiting healthcare. METHODS: A nonequivalent control group non-synchronized design was employed for this study. The newly constructed system was administered to 80 healthcare providers in the experimental group for 8 weeks. Data were analyzed using descriptive analysis, t-test, and ANCOVA with the SPSS 18.0 program. RESULTS: In the process stage, the difference in the frequency of computerized information usage between the experimental and control groups was significant as 8.88+/-3.20 and 7.08+/-2.92, respectively (t=3.90, p<.001). In the outcome evaluation stage, all kinds of healthy lifestyle such as alcohol use, nutrition, weight management and mental health were not improved. CONCLUSION: The findings of this study showed that the revised mobile computerized system was an effective device for individual visiting healthcare providers. Further advanced strategies for using this system should be developed and applied in a broad range of community healthcare.

A mobile interventional radiology unit: innovation and social responsibility / Unidade de radiologia intervencionista móvel: inovação e responsabilidade social

Objective: To present the preliminary results of a feasibility study performed to determine the value of a mobile interventional radiology unit used to promote a uterine embolization program for low-income patients. Methods: Forty patients with symptomatic fibroids were treated with uterine embolization. Procedures were performed in four public hospitals in the metropolitan area of São Paulo. This study was approved by the institutional research ethics committee and all patients signed an informed consent form. A mobile interventional radiology unit, named ANGIOMOVEL, was conceived and implemented utilizing a small truck to transport one mobile C arm, one radiological table, protection aprons and a small trolley containing specific supplies for the procedures. The ANGIOMOVEL team consisted of two interventional radiologists, one nurse, one driver and one assistant. The unit visited one hospital per week during a three-month period. Patient inclusion was contingent upon several factors, such as evaluation by a trained gynecologist, completion of a pelvic MRI, routine serological laboratory tests and completion of a quality of life questionnaire (QOL). Outcomes, MRI and QOL were evaluated. Data obtained after 12 weeks were collected and analyzed. Results: Technical success was achieved in 100% of cases, with a mean procedure time of 43 minutes and a mean fluoroscopic time of 24 minutes. The mean hospital stay was 1.07 day and the mean time for recovery and return to normal activities was 10 days. After 12 weeks, 36 (90%) of patients noticed improvement of their symptoms and 4 (10%) did not notice any improvement. Thirty-eight patients (95%) were satisfied or very satisfied and 39 (97.5%) said they would recommend the procedure. Pre- and post-procedure magnetic resonance imaging analysis showed that complete fibroid ischemia was achieved in 92.5% of cases with a mean uterine volume reduction of 38% and a mean fibroid volume reduction of 52%. Health-related quality of life scores showed improvement, increasing from 39.30 before the treatment to 79.62 points after therapy. Conclusions: The initial results indicate that using a Mobile Interventional Radiology Unit is feasible, efficient and safe to develop a successful uterine fibroid embolization program providing care to the underserved patient community.

Objetivo: Apresentar os resultados preliminares de um estudo de viabilidade conduzido para determinar o valor de uma unidade de radiologia intervencionista móvel com o objetivo de promover um programa de embolização uterina em mulheres de baixa renda. Métodos: Quarenta pacientes portadoras de miomatose sintomática foram tratadas com embolização uterina. Os procedimentos foram realizados em quatro hospitais públicos localizados na área metropolitana de São Paulo. O estudo foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da Instituição e todos os pacientes assinaram um termo de consentimento informado. Uma unidade de radiologia intervencionista móvel denominada ANGIOMÓVEL foi concebida e implementada utilizando um caminhão baú para transportar um arco cirúrgico, uma mesa radiológica, aventais de chumbo e um pequeno carro contendo os insumos específicos para os procedimentos. A equipe do ANGIOMÓVEL consistiu de dois radiologistas intervencionistas, uma enfermeira, um motorista e um assistente. A unidade visitou um hospital por semana durante três meses. A inclusão de pacientes dependeu de vários fatores como avaliação por um ginecologista treinado, realização de um exame de ressonância magnética da pelve, exames laboratoriais de rotina e resposta a um questionário para avaliação da qualidade de vida (QV). Evolução clínica, ressonância magnética e QV foram avaliadas. A informação obtida após 12 semanas foi colhida e analisada. Resultados: Verificou-se 100% de sucesso técnico para realização da embolização. O tempo médio de procedimento foi de 43 minutos com tempo médio de fluoroscopia de 24 minutos. O tempo médio de internação foi de 1,07 dias e a retomada das atividades ocorreu numa média de 10 dias. Após 12 semanas, 36 pacientes (90%) referiram estar clinicamente melhor e 4 (10%) não tiveram melhora. Trinta e oito pacientes (95%) manifestaram estar satisfeitas ou muito satisfeitas, e 39 (97,5%) recomendariam o tratamento. Na análise das ressonâncias magnéticas pré o pós-operatórias, verificou-se uma redução de volume uterino de 38% e redução de volume no mioma dominante de 52%. Verificou-se ainda que a necrose isquêmica completa dos miomas foi causada em 92,5%. A análise dos questionários de vida demonstrou uma melhora significativa passando de um escore de 39,30 pontos antes do tratamento para 79,62 pontos após o tratamento. Conclusões: Os resultados preliminares indicam que a utilização de uma Unidade de Radiologia Intervencionista Móvel é viável, eficiente e segura para promover um programa de embolização uterina em pacientes que dependem exclusivamente do atendimento em hospitais da rede pública.

Redes de conversação e coordenação de ações de saúde: estudo em um serviço móvel regional de atenção às urgências / Networks for dialogue and coordination of health activities: a study on a regional mobile emergency care service

A coordenação de redes de serviços é um dos principais desafios dos sistemas de saúde e exige uma intrincada trama de interações entre os atores envolvidos na prestação de serviços. Neste trabalho assume-se um modelo que coloca as redes de conversações como componente central da coordenação e analisam-se as redes de conversações no Serviço de Atendimento Móvel de Urgência (SAMU) da Região Metropolitana II do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Em particular, busca-se analisar como as interações verbais influenciam neste processo. Utiliza-se a observação direta e a gravação de reuniões como técnicas de coleta de dados e a análise de conversação como estratégia metodológica de análise. Entre os resultados destaca-se a identificação de duas redes principais de conversações como mecanismo de coordenação de ações. Advoga-se a importância do conceito de coordenação dialógica como ferramenta para a análise e para a melhoria da coordenação em sistemas de serviços de saúde.

Coordination of health services networks is one of the main challenges for health systems and requires an intricate web of interactions between service providers. This study assumes a model that uses communications networks as a central component of coordination and analyzes such networks in the Mobile Emergency Care Service (SAMU) in Greater Metropolitan Rio de Janeiro State Area II, Brazil. The study specifically seeks to analyze how verbal interactions influence this process. The research used direct observation and taping of meetings with data collection and analysis of conversation as the methodological strategy. The findings feature the identification of two main conversation networks as the mechanism for coordinating actions. The article highlights the importance of the concept of dialogical coordination as a tool for the analysis and improvement of coordination in health services systems.

The Role and Significance of a Mobile Unit Providing Prostheses in Thailand / 国際保健医療

<b>Introduction</b><br> Developing countries have many urgent issues to cope with, such as infectious diseases, and therefore people with disabilities have not had enough opportunities to receive rehabilitation services. A mobile unit as an outreach approach seems to be valuable in countries or areas lacking in adequate health care facilities. In Thailand, there are about 56 thousand people with lower extremity amputations. There are very few workshops and technicians in health care facilities producing prostheses. We studied a working mobile unit to clarify its effectiveness.<br><b>Method</b><br> We conducted participatory observations of the mobile unit in Chiang Rai, Thailand in October, 2006 run by the Prostheses Foundation, and hearings from the staff and the amputees to collect the information such as outlines of the foundation and the unit, and the number of participants. We collected data on those amputees from the reception note, such as their occupations, causes of amputations, kinds of prostheses, and their experiences of using prostheses.<br><b>Results</b><br> The mobile unit was a huge scale activity including 75 staff members, who visited the field with all necessary equipments. Fifty-four technicians produced 204 prostheses for 177 amputees in 4 days. Eighty percent of those amputees were unstable in income, such as farmers and those unemployed. Landmines were the cause of amputation for 20 percent of those seen. Thirty percent experienced their prostheses initially, 20 percent of whom had waited for 6 years or more to receive them. Therefore, it was found to be an effective activity to provide prostheses for poor people with amputations in rural areas. Also, technicians in rural areas learnt skills regarding prostheses from specialists in cities.<br><b>Conclusions</b><br> A mobile unit seems to be effective in Thailand to provide amputees with prostheses, and Prosthetics and Orthotics technicians in rural areas with opportunities for education.